The $105 billion OpenAI deal disclosed in an Nvidia securities filing on Monday commits the chipmaker to standing behind a data center it will neither own nor operate. Credit from Nvidia covers an initial 4.25 gigawatts of computing capacity, with an option on a further 3.75 gigawatts. SB Energy will build and manage the site at the PORTS-Pike Technology Campus in Pike County, Ohio, under a 20-year lease to OpenAI. Capacity is expected to come online in phases from 2028.
Who carries the risk in the $105 billion OpenAI deal?
Three parties sit at different points on the risk ladder. Nvidia supplies the compute and, according to the company, backs defined portions of lease and power payments. OpenAI holds the tenancy and said it will begin paying only as capacity becomes available for lease. SB Energy, backed by SoftBank, owns the asset. Jensen Huang, chief executive of Nvidia, said the company is securing long-lived infrastructure so OpenAI can deploy AI factories that can be upgraded with each new chip generation.
Ownership ties run through the structure. OpenAI holds a stake in SB Energy, and Sam Altman invested in the developer at an early stage. Nvidia will now place $1.5 billion into the company as well, deepening a relationship it also underwrites.
A financing model under scrutiny
The Nvidia OpenAI Ohio data center follows a run of financing moves that have drawn questions about AI circular financing, where a supplier funds the customers who then buy its products. Huang rejected that reading, writing that OpenAI will pay the lease. Danni Hewson, head of financial analysis at AJ Bell, said the real test is whether the investments deliver decent returns to everyone putting up cash, a judgement that can only be made later.
Earlier reporting by CNBC put the talks at a backstop of up to $250 billion for a 10-gigawatt project at the same location. The Wall Street Journal reported last week that the figure would be trimmed to less than $120 billion. What was filed came in below both numbers. Days before, Nvidia joined six large asset managers on platforms designed to deploy $500 billion of third-party capital into data center projects.
Power, jobs and the local ledger
The $105 billion OpenAI deal also reshapes the energy question in southern Ohio. SB Energy and SoftBank will build power sources supporting 10 gigawatts and invest at least $4.2 billion in regional grid infrastructure. OpenAI has committed $40 million toward local priorities. The company said the SB Energy data center will support 35,000 construction jobs through 2032 and 2,500 long-term positions.
Scale is the reason the accounting matters. One gigawatt is roughly enough electricity for 750,000 American homes. Nvidia estimates each generation of systems deployed at the campus could involve about 1.5 million GPUs and $150 billion to $200 billion in revenue. Communities near new load face the practical question of who absorbs the cost of getting power to the site.
What the arrangement secures
For Nvidia, the lease guarantee buys certainty in a market where land and interconnection have become the scarce inputs. For OpenAI, it converts a balance sheet constraint into a tenancy. Huang has acknowledged that frontier labs are growing faster than their balance sheets and credit profiles can support. That admission sits at the heart of the structure.
Greg Brockman, president of OpenAI, told CNBC’s Squawk Box on Monday that compute is a fundamental resource for the industry. He described it as the new oil of the AI age, a limited input rather than an abundant one. Who ultimately pays for it remains an open question.
