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Japan launches a quantum computer in a groundbreaking move that highlights its technological independence and research ambition.
The system, named OQTOPUS, is a superconducting quantum computer entirely produced within Japan. It is now operational at the University of Osaka’s Center for Quantum Information and Quantum Biology.
This achievement is the result of a collaboration between national research centers and technology companies. Partners include the Riken Center for Quantum Computing, Ulvac, QuEL, QunaSys, Fujitsu, and others. Every component, from the dilution refrigerator to the qubit chips, was developed domestically. This replaces imported parts and ensures full control over design and supply chains.
OQTOPUS currently operates with 28 qubits linked through cryogenic wiring. Plans are underway to expand the system to nearly 100 qubits by October 2025. This growth aligns with the conclusion of the Moonshot Research and Development Project, a national initiative pushing advanced computing.
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Fully domestic design changes the game
The system works at extremely low temperatures, reaching -460°F (10mK) through a dilution refrigerator built by Ulvac and Ulvac Cryogenics. Japan’s quantum efforts go beyond hardware. All related software is open-source and developed in Japan, including the QURI Parts library for circuit programming and the OQTOPUS framework, which connects cloud, front-end, and back-end layers.
Performance tests have been encouraging. In mid-July, researchers calibrated eight qubits and demonstrated a two-qubit entangled state. They achieved a median single-qubit gate fidelity of 99.9% and a maximum two-qubit gate fidelity of 98%. These figures place Japan’s system among the most precise in its category.
Public access to quantum power
Members of the public will be able to try the system during Expo 2025 in Osaka. Between August 14 and 20, visitors can connect remotely and run simple programs on up to four qubits. The exhibit, titled “entangled moment – [quantum | earth | universe] x art”, will also showcase quantum-generated artwork.
Japan’s approach differs from European and American efforts, which are often private-sector-led and proprietary. This open-source, public-sector-driven project may serve as a testbed for global quantum research. The integration of hardware and software under one national framework demonstrates Japan’s capacity to advance quantum computing with transparency and collaboration.
